As society needs energy of higher quality and diversity, electric power techniques pursue quality and flexibility against changes as well as economical efficiency resulted from large capacity and scales According to the above background, more efficient systems, digital control and protection techniques, diagnostic technology of equipment, new sources of energy, etc. have been promoted and put to practical use in the field of power generation engineering. This paper introduces an outline of these tendencies together with Fuji Electric's developments.

Steam Turbines for thermal power plants pursued the merits from large scales as prime movers for base load supply. Recent development of unclear power has increased demands for load adjusting function, where the operability improvement in startstop or follow-up control has become more important in addition to efficiency improvement as before. The consistent design philosophy of Fuji Electric agrees with this tendency and has been proved by many units delivered so far. This paper introduces an outline of Fuji Electric's advanced technology which have contributed towards the modernization of steam turbines for thermal power plants.

As little growth of recent electrical power demand in our country, it is important to require more economy and reliability of power plant in addition to increase in unit capacity. This paper describes the new technical development of 300 to 700MVA steam power units, which will be used chiefly in future thermal power plants, laying emphasis on hydrogen-direct-cooled turbogenerators likely to be suited for the above.

Many new geothermal power plants are being constructed particularly in the United States and we have been awarded the order of three units of which total name plate output is 132.1MW.These include a new type of dual pressure tubine and a direct contact dual pressure condenser of our proprietary design. Recently supplied power plants include unique ones such as a 100kW unit that uses hot spa steam and a 3,180kW unit for Tibet where the altitude is 4,300m asl. The availability factor of operating plants furnished by Fuji is as high as 92〜99%.

This paper introduces mainly digital turbine governors and digital boiler controllers using MICREX-F500 and FAPS-8000, up-to-date digital control devices. It also describes an outline of Total Adaptive Generator Control applying modern control theory, and operation and maintenance support systems such as rotor torsional stress analyzer and rubbing diagnostic devices.

The fossil power Plants in long term service over ten years are increasing in number and will be more frequently subjected to severe conditions, such as cyclic operation, etc. in near future. Consequently, maintenance management based on life calculation of plant components by detection of material deterioration is playing a more important role. This paper introduces diagnostic technology of remaining life as an important technique for maintenance management of steam turbine components. Remaining life prediction has been made possible by integrated evaluation of nondestructive detection of material degradation and life calculations for major components.

Having technical knowhow of high-efficiency reaction turbines and integrated engineering capability accumulated as an all-around electrical manufacturer, Fuji Electric has built a number of power plants.
This paper describes technical tendencies and developments which satisfy diversified users' needs and requirements for economical power plants, laying stress on the plants recently built and ordered.
It also gives a brief description of the rehabilitation of existing turbines.

At Fuji Electric's hydraulic laboratory, a laser velocimeter has been used to measure flow velocity around model turbine runners. At the design division, the use of CAD/CAM has further increased not only for automatic designing but for verification of structures by three-dimensional drawings. Our record products have been operating in good condition at Revelstoke Power Plant, Shingo II Power Plant, etc., and several medium to small power stations as well; our new techniques have been highly appreciated both in Japan and abroad. Our future efforts aim at developing new techniques for cost reduction of an entire pant and rehabilitation of existing old machines.

In recent hydraulic plants, there are remarkable tendencies toward high speed and large capacity in vertical shaft machines and toward large capacity in bulb turbine generators responding to the development of extra-low-head plants. This paper describes the technical problems of these high-speed, large-capacity hydraulic turbine generators and large-capacity bulb turbine generators giving actual application examples.
Also it describes maintenance-free technique including a waterless cooling system in medium and small hydraulic turbine generators, and supervisory systems developed for remote controlled power stations.

Recent technical development of programmable controllers applying microprocessors is remarkable, and their central processors and peripheral equipment have been both completed. An efficient integrated digital control and protection system has been installed by making the most of their characteristics in hydropower control and protection fields.
Oilless governing and easy maintenance can be realized in governor systems by adopting electric servomotors which make a good use of advanced mechatronics.
This paper gives an outline of the above recent techniques.

The two modern 250MVA generator-motors are equipped with rim ventilation cooling systems, oil circulation systems by self-pumping of bearings, and magnetic bearings for efficiency improvement and bearing reliability. Moreover, the design was given careful consideration about fatigue resulting from severe frequent mode change and thermal stress fatigue.
Further, a highly reliable starting system employing a static converter was developed, in which the control and monitor of starting devices are executed by an advanced Direct Digital Control System (DDC).

The bulb turbines and generators, having a runner diameter of 7.3meters, are some of the largest machines in the world. A three-blade runner is adopted for high efficiency operation even with the low head of 6.4 to 3.3 meters. The main parts such as runners, inner-and-outer guide vane rings, stators, and rotors will be assembled completely in Japan, to shorten the installation period. The dimensions of the extreamly large, inner-and-outer guide vane rings, are 10.8m x 10.8m x 3.5m. And there parts will be located on barges at New Orleans port and transported upto the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to the site.

This paper describes the training simulator for the operation and maintenance of hydraulic plants and substations which was set up in Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. in September 1986.It is composed of a minicomputer, Switchboards, a trainer's desk, a trainee's desk and power plant models; the power plant models include a static three-phase synchronous machine model, a digital governor AVR, etc. with a microcomputer. With this simulator, training is made possible for 11 kinds of plants, such as small-capacity hydropower plant, high-head pumped-storage power plants, substations, etc.

The system (TAGE: Total Adaptive Generation Controller) has been developed by applying adaptive, multivariable control theories to exciter and governor systems. Owing to the high performance and high speed of advanced microcomputers, the system improve the characteristics of excitation control, exceeding the functional limits due to AVRs with P.P.S. The performance has been verified by experiment with a high-voltage power transmission system simulator, simulation with a computer, and operation tests with an actual 32 MW hydraulic power station. This paper introduces an outline of the TAGEC principle and the verification result of TAGEO-II for thermal power station.

This paper introduces an outline of the monitoring system for transformers which was provided at Nagoya Substation, Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. this system, monitoring items and sensors were selected and algorithm for monitoring was established for transformers so as to realize automatic monitoring and early abnormality detection at power stations and substations. The test on the site proved that the performance of the algorithm for monitoring, sensor and systems obtained appointed results and were able to be put to practical use.